護理師正在審閱病人的用藥計畫。該病人服用β-阻斷劑治療高血壓。護理師應教導病人立即報告下列哪項潛在副作用？
A nurse is reviewing a client's medication regimen. The client is taking a beta-blocker for hypertension. Which potential side effect should the nurse teach the client to report immediately?
- AWeight gain體重增加
- BBradycardia✓ 正解心搏徐緩
- CDizziness upon standing站立時的眩暈
- DDry cough乾咳
β-阻斷劑（beta-blockers）藉由阻斷交感神經系統的 β-受體來降低心率及心肌收縮力。心搏徐緩（bradycardia）是其常見且具潛在危險的副作用，若心率過低會導致心輸出量不足，進而引起腦部灌流下降、頭暈、昏厥甚至心跳停止。護理師必須教育病人監測脈搏，並確保其了解若心率低於標準（通常 <60 bpm）需立即停藥並就醫。
Beta-blockers lower heart rate and myocardial contractility by blocking beta-receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. Bradycardia is a common and potentially dangerous side effect; if the heart rate is too low, cardiac output is inadequate, leading to decreased cerebral perfusion, dizziness, syncope, or even cardiac arrest. The nurse must educate the patient to monitor their pulse and ensure that they understand that if the heart rate falls below the threshold (usually <60 bpm), they must stop the medication and seek medical attention immediately.