凌晨一點，403病房的煙霧警報器響起。護理師衝到病房並發現，一位戴著2L鼻導管氧氣的65歲男性病患試圖偷偷抽菸。掉落的火柴點燃了氧氣管附近的床單，火焰正迅速蔓延到他的病人服上。根據火災 RACE 原則，護理師立即的首要處置為何？
At 0100, a smoke alarm triggers in Room 403. The nurse sprints to the room and discovers that a 65-year-old male patient on 2L of nasal oxygen has attempted to smoke a cigarette. A dropped match has ignited the bedsheets near his oxygen tubing, and the flames are rapidly spreading to his gown. Based on the RACE protocol, what is the nurse's immediate priority action?
- AImmediately disconnect the nasal cannula from the wall oxygen source to stop the combustion.立即將鼻導管從牆壁氧氣來源拔除，以停止燃燒。
- BRun into the hallway to retrieve the nearest ABC fire extinguisher to put out the bedding fire.跑到大廳取用最近的 ABC 滅火器來撲滅床單火勢。
- CRescue the patient by physically dragging or assisting him out of the burning room immediately.✓ 正解立即將病人拖離或協助其離開燃燒中的房間以實施救援。
- DPull the manual fire alarm lever by the stairwell to alert the local fire brigade.拉下樓梯間附近的手動火災警報桿，以通知當地消防隊。
本題測驗急救安全中最著名的火災應對守則：RACE 縮寫原則。RACE 分別代表 Rescue (救援/撤離病患)、Alarm (啟動警報)、Confine (關門限制火勢)、Extinguish (滅火)。在氧氣輔助下的火災極具爆發性，幾秒鐘內病患就會遭到致命燒傷。即便護理師直覺想去關閉氧氣或拿滅火器（這分屬 C 與 E 的環節），保護人命絕對是首要任務。因此第一步永遠是將最靠近火源、身處危險區域的病患移出病房（選項C）。等病患脫離火場後，接著才是拉響走廊的警報系統（選項D），關閉房門及中央氧氣閥門（選項A對應 Confine 範圍），最後才是使用滅火器（選項B所在階段）。
The RACE acronym is Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish. With an oxygen-fueled fire on a patient, life-threatening burns occur within seconds. The first action is RESCUE—physically removing the patient from immediate danger—then activating the alarm, confining the fire (closing doors, shutting off oxygen), and finally extinguishing with an ABC fire extinguisher. Although shutting off oxygen and pulling the alarm are critical, they follow patient rescue.
災難火災的應急原則在台美醫院完全一致。RACE (Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish) 是全球醫院消防安檢必考題。台灣每年醫院評鑑均要求全體護理人員熟背且能實際演練。