病人在輸血過程中出現畏寒、下背痛與心搏過速,護理師應採取的最優先行動為何?
A client is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills, low back pain, and tachycardia. What is the priority nursing action?
- ASlow the rate of the transfusion減慢輸血速度
- BAdminister diphenhydramine給予苯海拉明
- CStop the transfusion immediately✓ 正解立即停止輸血
- DNotify the laboratory通知實驗室
輸血反應中的急性溶血反應(Acute Hemolytic Reaction)是因 ABO 血型不合導致的免疫反應,會引發嚴重的血管內溶血。畏寒、下背痛與心搏過速是該反應的「典型三聯徵」。護理師應立即停止輸血,更換輸液套管並以生理食鹽水維持靜脈通路,以防止殘餘血液繼續進入體內,隨後通知醫師進行急救處理。
An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is an immune response resulting from ABO blood-type incompatibility and produces severe intravascular hemolysis. Chills, low back pain, and tachycardia are the classic triad of this reaction. The nurse should immediately stop the transfusion, change the IV tubing, and maintain venous access with normal saline to prevent any further blood from entering the body, then notify the physician for emergency management.
美國輸血指引強調,一旦懷疑輸血反應,護理師應立即停止輸血並更換「整套」輸液管路,以免殘餘血液進入體內。隨後必須將剩餘血液與管路送回血庫進行檢驗,這與台灣臨床流程一致,但美國醫院對於輸血反應的緊急通報程序(Transfusion Reaction Protocol)通常更具強制性。