護理師評估深部靜脈栓塞 (DVT) 病人。哪項跡象代表可能發生了肺栓塞 (PE)?
A nurse is assessing a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which sign would indicate a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
- ADecreased pedal pulses足背動脈搏動減弱
- BWarmth and redness at the DVT site深部靜脈栓塞部位溫熱且發紅
- CSudden shortness of breath and chest pain✓ 正解突發性呼吸困難與胸痛
- DPain and swelling in the lower leg小腿疼痛與腫脹
深部靜脈栓塞 (deep vein thrombosis, DVT) 是指深層靜脈內形成血栓,最常發生在下肢。DVT 的主要危險在於血栓可能脫落並隨血流進入肺部,導致肺栓塞 (pulmonary embolism, PE),這是一種危及生命的急症。護理師在照護 DVT 病人時,必須高度警覺並監測 PE 的早期徵象,因為及早識別和介入對於改善病人預後至關重要。
Sudden shortness of breath and chest pain are hallmark signs of a pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening complication where a clot travels from the legs to the lungs. While warmth, redness, and swelling indicate the presence of a DVT, these symptoms do not confirm that the clot has migrated. Prompt recognition of respiratory distress is critical for immediate intervention.
深部靜脈栓塞和肺栓塞的護理評估與處置,在台灣和美國的臨床實踐中是高度一致的。兩地都強調護理師需具備識別 PE 早期症狀的能力,並在病人出現呼吸困難或胸痛等症狀時,立即通知醫師並準備緊急處置。在美國,由於護理師的獨立執業範圍較廣,可能在特定協議下,在醫師到場前就啟動氧氣治療、監測血氧飽和度等初步緊急措施。台灣的護理師也具備執行這些措施的能力,但通常會更即時地與醫師溝通。