— 降低風險 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備經由中心靜脈導管（CVC）給藥，下列哪項措施對於降低空氣栓塞風險最重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer medication via a central venous catheter (CVC). Which action is most important to reduce the risk of air embolism?
- AFlush the line with 10 mL of normal saline以 10 mL 生理食鹽水沖洗導管
- BUse a luer-lock syringe for all injections所有注射均使用旋緊式注射器
- CEnsure the cap is tightened and the line is primed確保蓋子擰緊且管路已排氣
- DPlace the client in the Trendelenburg position when changing caps✓ 正解更換蓋子時將病人置於 Trendelenburg 體位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
更換中心靜脈導管接頭或輸液管時，置於頭低腳高位（Trendelenburg）可增加靜脈壓，使中心靜脈壓力高於大氣壓，防止空氣被吸入血管。A 是維護導管通暢；B 是基本步驟；D 可防止脫落但非預防空氣進入的關鍵。
When changing the cap or tubing on a central venous catheter, placing the client in the Trendelenburg position increases venous pressure, making the central venous pressure higher than atmospheric pressure and preventing air from being drawn into the vessel. Option A maintains catheter patency; option C is a basic step; option B prevents disconnection but is not the key to preventing air entry.
✦ 台美臨床差異
此為國際通用的靜脈導管護理標準（INS guidelines），台美臨床一致。