對於使用鴉片類止痛藥的病人，下列哪些評估至關重要？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following assessments is essential for a client receiving opioid analgesics? (Select all that apply.)
- ARespiratory rate✓ 正解呼吸速率
- BLevel of consciousness✓ 正解意識程度
- CBowel function✓ 正解腸道功能
- DBlood pressure血壓
- EPain score✓ 正解疼痛指數
鴉片類止痛藥（Opioids）的主要風險在於對中樞神經系統的抑制。護理師必須執行密集的監測，以確保病人用藥安全。呼吸速率是評估呼吸抑制的首要指標；意識程度變化往往早於呼吸抑制發生；腸胃蠕動減緩導致的便秘是常見副作用；疼痛評分則用於評估藥物療效與調整劑量。臨床思路應優先考慮呼吸與意識，這些直接關係到生命安全。
The principal risk of opioid analgesics is central nervous system depression. The nurse must perform intensive monitoring to ensure medication safety. Respiratory rate is the primary indicator for assessing respiratory depression; changes in level of consciousness often precede respiratory depression; constipation due to decreased gastrointestinal motility is a common side effect; and pain scores are used to evaluate efficacy and adjust dosage. Clinical reasoning should prioritize respiration and consciousness, as these are directly tied to life safety.