— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師正在指導一位新診斷為高血壓的病人。應強調哪些生活型態調整？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications should the nurse emphasize? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease intake of potassium-rich foods✓ 正解增加富含鉀的食物攝取
- BLimit alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
- CEngage in aerobic physical activity✓ 正解從事有氧運動
- DEliminate all fat from the diet飲食中完全排除脂肪
- ERestrict dietary sodium intake✓ 正解限制膳食鈉攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓管理的核心在於改善血管阻力與循環。攝取鉀能幫助排鈉、限酒能降低血管收縮素分泌、運動可改善血管內皮功能、限鈉則是控制血壓的基本功。消除「所有」脂肪並不正確，身體仍需適量的好脂肪（如 Omega-3）來維持血管健康。
Lifestyle modifications for hypertension include increasing potassium-rich foods to help excrete sodium, limiting alcohol to reduce blood pressure elevation, engaging in aerobic activity to improve cardiac efficiency, and restricting dietary sodium to prevent fluid retention. Eliminating all fats is unnecessary and potentially harmful, as healthy fats support cardiovascular health.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常運用 DASH 飲食衛教；台灣則多由營養師主導，護理師輔助配合醫囑進行衛教。