護理師為一位裝有全腿石膏的病人進行神經血管評估。下列哪些發現最令人擔心可能發生了併發症？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is performing a neurovascular assessment on a client with a full-leg cast. Which of the following findings would be most concerning for a potential complication? (Select all that apply.)
- ACapillary refill of less than 2 seconds微血管充填時間少於 2 秒
- BClient reports a 'pins and needles' sensation in the toes✓ 正解病患主訴腳趾有『針刺感』
- CThe affected foot is cool to the touch compared to the other foot✓ 正解患側腳觸感比另一隻腳冷
- DThe client is unable to wiggle their toes upon request✓ 正解病患無法在要求下動腳趾
- EThe client reports mild itching under the cast病患主訴石膏下有輕微搔癢
神經血管評估（Neurovascular assessment）是預防石膏併發症（如腔室症候群或神經壓迫）的核心。SATA 題型要求選出所有異常徵兆。選項 B（針刺感/感覺異常）、C（皮膚冰冷/循環不良）、D（無法移動腳趾/運動功能喪失）都是神經或血管受損的典型警訊。選項 A（微血管充填 < 2 秒）是正常表現，代表末梢灌流良好。選項 E（輕微癢感）在石膏內很常見，雖然不舒服但並非嚴重的臨床併發症。護理師需敏銳捕捉 6Ps 中的任何一項，尤其是與健側對比時出現的差異，這對於降低組織壞死風險至關重要。
Paresthesia (pins and needles), coolness of the extremity, and inability to move toes are concerning findings that indicate potential neurovascular compromise such as compartment syndrome or nerve compression. These signs require immediate intervention, whereas normal capillary refill and mild itching are expected or benign findings.
美國護理實務強調護理師必須每 1-2 小時主動進行 6Ps 評估並詳細記錄；台灣臨床上則常在換班或病人主訴不適時才進行完整神經血管評估，主動預防的頻率稍低。