— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些行為屬於護理師違反 HIPAA（隱私法規）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are examples of a nurse violating HIPAA? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiscussing a client's diagnosis in the hospital elevator✓ 正解在醫院電梯中討論病人的診斷
- BReviewing the medical record of a client not assigned to the nurse✓ 正解查閱未指派給該護理師之病人的病歷
- CPosting a photo of a client's wound on a private social media group✓ 正解在私人社群媒體群組上傳病人傷口照片
- DGiving a change-of-shift report at the client's bedside在病人床邊進行交班報告
- ELeaving a computer screen with patient data open and unattended✓ 正解將顯示病人資料的電腦螢幕留在無人看管狀態
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
隱私違反包含在公共場合討論病情（A）、越權查閱非照顧病人的病歷（B）、社群媒體洩漏隱私（C，即使是私人群組）以及未鎖定電腦螢幕（E）。D 選項（床邊交班）是被允許且鼓勵的，因為這能讓病人參與照護，只要交班時注意音量並確保無關人員不在場即可。
Discussing client diagnoses in public areas like elevators violates confidentiality. Accessing medical records without a need-to-know basis for direct care is also a breach. Furthermore, posting patient-related content on social media, even in private groups, and leaving unattended computer screens with patient data open are serious HIPAA violations.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫療機構對 HIPAA 的查核非常嚴格，隨時可能被開罰；台灣則受個資法規範，但在護理站討論病情的隱私保護仍有進步空間。