— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師準備對成年病人進行肌肉注射，下列哪項行動最能降低過程中的併發症風險？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. Which action best reflects the reduction of risk potential during the procedure?
- AAspirating before injecting the medication注射前進行抽吸
- BSelecting a site based on current evidence-based guidelines✓ 正解根據當前實證指引選擇注射部位
- CUsing a 1.5-inch needle for all patients對所有病人使用1.5英寸針頭
- DCleaning the injection site in a circular motion outward以由內而外的圓形動作清潔注射部位
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據最新實證醫學指引，針對非疫苗注射已不建議常規抽吸（Aspiration），且部分藥物（如肝素）亦不建議抽吸。選擇正確解剖位置能避開神經與血管，是降低併發症最關鍵步驟。圓形消毒與針頭長度需依個案胖瘦彈性調整，非通則。
Adequate fluid intake maintains stable serum lithium levels, while taking the medication with food reduces gastrointestinal irritation. Clients must monitor for neurological signs of toxicity like tremors or ataxia and report them immediately. Regular level monitoring is essential due to the drug's narrow therapeutic index, and salt restriction is avoided as it increases toxicity risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理教育已完全轉向實證醫學（不抽吸）；台灣部分資深人員仍習慣傳統抽吸法，臨床教育正積極更新中。