— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
哪位病人發生醫療照護相關感染（HAI）的風險最高？
Which client is at the highest risk for developing a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
- AA client recovering from elective knee surgery正在從擇期膝關節手術中恢復的病人
- BA client on mechanical ventilation✓ 正解接受機械通氣的病人
- CA client with a peripheral IV catheter留置周邊靜脈導管的病人
- DA client receiving oral medications接受口服藥物的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
醫療照護相關感染（HAI）的高風險群通常與侵入性裝置的使用直接相關。機械通氣（Mechanical ventilation）病人因人工氣道繞過了喉頭與氣管的自然防禦機制（如纖毛運動、咳嗽反射），使得口腔與咽喉的細菌極易進入下呼吸道，導致呼吸機相關肺炎（VAP）。這是 ICU 中常見且高死亡率的 HAI。相較之下，其他選項的侵入性較小，故機械通氣者風險最高。
Clients on mechanical ventilation are at the highest risk for healthcare-associated infections because artificial airways bypass natural respiratory defenses like cilia and cough reflexes. This significantly increases the likelihood of bacteria entering the lower respiratory tract, leading to conditions such as ventilator-associated pneumonia.