— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一名糖尿病患者診斷為低血糖（血糖 52 mg/dL），意識清醒且可吞嚥。護理師應優先執行哪項措施？
A client with diabetes mellitus is diagnosed with hypoglycemia (blood glucose 52 mg/dL). The client is alert and able to swallow. Which action should the nurse take first?
- AAdminister 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly肌肉注射 1 mg 昇糖素
- BAssess the client for neurological deficits評估客戶是否有神經學缺陷
- CAdminister 15g of a rapid-acting carbohydrate✓ 正解給予 15g 快速作用的碳水化合物
- DStart an intravenous infusion of 50% dextrose開始輸注 50% 葡萄糖溶液
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
根據低血糖處置流程，若病患意識清醒且具備吞嚥能力，應採口服 15-20 克快速吸收碳水化合物（如 4 盎司果汁）。口服為最安全且最符合生理的補糖途徑。僅在病患意識改變或無法吞嚥時才考慮注射昇糖素或靜脈給予葡萄糖。
When administering subcutaneous enoxaparin, the nurse should rotate injection sites between the left and right sides of the abdomen to prevent tissue irritation and lipodystrophy. It is important not to aspirate, expel the air bubble, or massage the site after injection to minimize the risk of bruising and hematoma formation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地皆依循類似的低血糖處置指引（15-15法則）。