— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師準備為 MRSA 病人進行萬古黴素（Vancomycin）靜脈輸注，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin IV to a client with MRSA. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少於 60 分鐘內輸注藥物
- BMonitor for flushing, hypotension, and pruritus✓ 正解監測潮紅、低血壓和搔癢
- CAdminister the dose as an IV bolus push以靜脈推注方式給藥
- DAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估靜脈穿刺部位是否有靜脈炎跡象
- ECheck the trough level before the next dose✓ 正解在下一次給藥前檢測谷濃度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
萬古黴素必須緩慢輸注，以避免紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），表現為潮紅、低血壓、搔癢。此藥極具刺激性，易引發靜脈炎。血中谷濃度（Trough level）檢測對於監測療效及預防腎毒性至關重要，不可作為快速推注劑量。
Vancomycin must be infused slowly over at least 60 minutes to prevent Red Man Syndrome, characterized by flushing, hypotension, and pruritus due to histamine release. The nurse should monitor for these symptoms and assess the IV site for phlebitis, as vancomycin is a vesicant. Additionally, checking trough levels is essential to ensure therapeutic efficacy and prevent nephrotoxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院藥局常會自動安排藥物動力學監測，台灣護理師則需更頻繁追蹤醫師醫囑之檢驗時間。