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生理適應 · EASY · MCQ

一名第一型糖尿病病人被發現意識不清,床邊血糖檢測為 35 mg/dL。護理師應優先採取何種措施?

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious and unresponsive. The bedside capillary glucose level is 35 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • AProvide 4 oz of apple juice orally
    經口提供 4 盎司蘋果汁
  • BAdminister subcutaneous insulin
    給予皮下注射胰島素
  • CPerform a neurological assessment
    進行神經學評估
  • DAdminister 50% dextrose IV push✓ 正解
    給予 50% 葡萄糖液靜脈推注
Explanation · 中文詳解

嚴重低血糖(Severe Hypoglycemia)導致意識喪失時,病人的吞嚥反射可能受損,此時給予口服糖分會導致吸入性肺炎(Aspiration Pneumonia)的致命風險。護理師應優先確保病人的生理穩定。靜脈注射高濃度葡萄糖能最快速提升血液中的葡萄糖濃度,恢復大腦供能。臨床思路應遵循 ABC 原則(Airway, Breathing, Circulation),在解決低血糖急症的同時,確保呼吸道安全。

Frequent hand hygiene is the single most effective intervention for preventing healthcare-associated infections by breaking the chain of transmission. Other measures like wearing gloves or limiting visitors are supportive but do not replace the critical importance of proper hand cleaning.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國臨床,對於意識不清的低血糖病人,若無建立靜脈路徑,護理師可立即給予肌肉注射升糖素(Glucagon IM),這在美國護理師的執業範圍內是常見的緊急處置。

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