護理師照護一位恐慌發作的病人。下列哪些措施適合作為護理計畫的一部分？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing a panic attack. Which actions are appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
- ASpeak in a calm, firm, and simple tone✓ 正解以平靜、堅定且簡單的語調說話
- BStay with the client throughout the attack✓ 正解在發作期間全程陪伴病人
- CEncourage deep breathing exercises✓ 正解鼓勵進行深呼吸練習
- DIdentify the potential triggers for the panic識別恐慌發作的潛在誘因
- EInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示病人用紙袋呼吸
恐慌發作（Panic attack）時，病人的身心處於極度恐懼狀態。護理師應採取冷靜、簡短的指令，給予病人安全感。陪伴在側能減緩病人的孤獨與恐懼感，深呼吸練習（腹式呼吸）能幫助緩解因過度換氣（Hyperventilation）引起的生理不適。在現代護理中，紙袋呼吸已不推薦，因為可能導致二氧化碳過高或缺氧。
During a panic attack, the nurse should speak in a calm, firm, and simple tone to help de-escalate the client's anxiety and provide a sense of safety. Staying with the client offers emotional security, while encouraging deep breathing exercises helps reduce autonomic arousal and physiological distress. Identifying triggers is deferred until after the acute episode resolves, and paper bag breathing is contraindicated due to safety risks.