— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位高血鉀症病人，預期醫師會開立哪種藥物？
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperkalemia. Which medication would the nurse anticipate?
- ASodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)✓ 正解Sodium polystyrene sulfonate（聚苯乙烯磺酸鈉，Kayexalate）
- BFurosemide (if renal function is normal)Furosemide（呋塞米，若腎功能正常）
- CSpironolactoneSpironolactone（螺內酯）
- DPotassium chloridePotassium chloride（氯化鉀）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Kayexalate 是一種離子交換樹脂，用於治療高血鉀，透過腸道將鉀離子排出體外。Spironolactone 是保鉀利尿劑，禁用於高血鉀。Potassium chloride 會惡化血鉀過高，Furosemide 是排鉀利尿劑，但相較於 Kayexalate，Kayexalate 是專門用於糾正高血鉀的藥物。
Kayexalate is an ion-exchange resin used to treat hyperkalemia by removing potassium from the body through the intestines. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and is contraindicated in hyperkalemia. Potassium chloride would worsen hyperkalemia, and furosemide is a potassium-wasting diuretic; however, compared with Kayexalate, Kayexalate is the medication specifically used to correct hyperkalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於高血鉀的藥物治療流程一致，均強調在緊急狀況下需先以鈣劑保護心臟，再處理鉀濃度。