一位 35 歲廣泛性焦慮症患者至門診求診，主訴持續擔憂與失眠。護理師應優先採取哪項措施協助病人管理焦慮？
A 35-year-old client with generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic with reports of constant worry and insomnia. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to assist the client in managing their anxiety?
- AEncourage the client to avoid all stressors in their daily life鼓勵病人避免日常生活中所有的壓力源
- BPerform an in-depth exploration of the client's childhood trauma深入探討病人的童年創傷
- CTeach the client deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation techniques✓ 正解教導病人深呼吸和漸進式肌肉放鬆技巧
- DRefer the client to a psychiatrist for immediate medication management將病人轉介給精神科醫師以立即進行藥物管理
面對廣泛性焦慮症患者，護理師的核心任務是提供立即有效的症狀管理工具，讓患者感受到對身體狀況的掌控力。深呼吸與漸進式肌肉鬆弛法是實證支持的非藥物性治療，能直接作用於交感神經，降低焦慮引起的生理過度喚醒（hyperarousal）。藥物諮詢（D）是必要的，但非護理師的首要介入，因為藥物通常需要時間累積療效。完全避免壓力源（A）是不切實際且會加重逃避行為的，應採取漸進暴露與應對技巧。深度挖掘童年創傷（B）是心理諮商師或心理治療師的工作，在急性期或初步評估階段，過度挖掘可能會使患者防禦機制崩潰，引發不穩定的情緒反應。
When caring for a client with generalized anxiety disorder, the nurse's core task is to provide immediate, effective symptom-management tools that give the client a sense of control over their physical condition. Deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation are evidence-based non-pharmacologic therapies that act directly on the sympathetic nervous system to reduce the physiologic hyperarousal of anxiety. Pharmacologic referral (D) is necessary but not the nurse's primary intervention, as medications usually require time to reach therapeutic effect. Complete avoidance of stressors (A) is unrealistic and reinforces avoidance behavior; gradual exposure and coping skills should be used. In-depth exploration of childhood trauma (B) is the work of psychological counselors or psychotherapists; during the acute phase or initial assessment, excessive probing may overwhelm the client's defense mechanisms and provoke unstable emotional responses.
美國護理師常受過特定行為療法（如 relaxation techniques）的專業訓練，可直接在門診執行衛教；台灣護理執業環境受限於診察時間短，護理師較常被要求協助文書行政，心理支持多轉介至心理師或精神科醫師。