— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師指導一位新診斷高血壓的病人，應包含哪些生活型態調整？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hypertension. Which lifestyle modifications should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AIncrease intake of potassium-rich foods✓ 正解增加富含鉀的食物攝取量
- BLimit alcohol consumption✓ 正解限制酒精攝取
- CEngage in aerobic physical activity✓ 正解從事有氧運動
- DMaintain a sodium intake of 4 grams per day維持每日 4 克的鈉攝取量
- EFocus on weight reduction if overweight✓ 正解若體重過重，應著重於減重
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血壓的生活調整包含 DASH 飲食（高鉀、低鈉）、有氧運動、限制酒精與減重。鈉攝取量建議限制在 2 公克（約 5 克食鹽）以下，而非 4 克。維持理想體重與運動能有效降低周邊血管阻力，改善生理適應與血壓控制。
Lifestyle modifications for hypertension include the DASH diet (high potassium, low sodium), aerobic exercise, alcohol restriction, and weight reduction. Sodium intake should be limited to less than 2 grams per day (about 5 grams of salt), not 4 grams. Maintaining ideal body weight and exercising effectively reduce peripheral vascular resistance, improve physiologic adaptation, and help control blood pressure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床皆採用 DASH 飲食原則，但在美國較強調營養師介入衛教，台灣多由護理師進行初步指導。