— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人獲處方靜脈注射 vancomycin，護理師應監測哪些發現以確認潛在的副作用？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which findings should the nurse monitor to identify potential adverse effects? (Select all that apply.)
- AFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部與頸部潮紅
- BIncreased serum creatinine✓ 正解血清肌酸酐升高
- CElevated blood pressure血壓升高
- DReduced hearing acuity✓ 正解聽力敏銳度下降
- EHypotension during infusion✓ 正解輸注期間低血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Vancomycin 的常見副作用包含「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome，表現為臉頸潮紅、低血壓），與給藥速度過快有關。此外，該藥具有腎毒性與耳毒性，故須密切監測肌酸酐以評估腎功能，並詢問病人是否有聽力減退或耳鳴情形。
Common adverse effects of vancomycin include 'Red Man Syndrome' (manifested as flushing of the face and neck, and hypotension), which is related to rapid infusion rates. The drug is also nephrotoxic and ototoxic, so serum creatinine must be closely monitored to assess renal function, and the client should be assessed for hearing loss or tinnitus.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院常見 Pharmacy 主動監測並調整劑量；台灣則多由醫師依腎功能開立，護理師協助執行監測。