執行被動關節運動（ROM）時，護理師應包含哪些動作？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse include when performing passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises? (Select all that apply.)
- ASupport the joint above and below the area✓ 正解支撐關節區域上方與下方的部位
- BMove the joint until resistance or pain is felt將關節移動至感到阻力或疼痛為止
- CMove the joint rapidly to ensure blood flow快速移動關節以確保血液循環
- DRepeat each movement 3 to 5 times✓ 正解每個動作重複 3 至 5 次
- EForce the joint slightly past the point of pain強行將關節稍微越過疼痛點
被動關節運動（passive ROM）的關鍵是維持關節活動度而不造成傷害。正確原則：A. 支撐關節上下端避免拉傷軟組織；D. 每個動作重複 3-5 次以維持柔軟度。錯誤項目：B. 動作只應進行至「感覺阻力」（resistance）即停止，不應到「疼痛」（pain）——疼痛代表組織已開始受損；C. 動作應緩慢平穩，快速移動會誘發肌肉痙攣；E. 強行越過疼痛點會造成軟組織撕裂或骨折，絕對禁止。
The key principle of passive range-of-motion (passive ROM) exercises is to maintain joint mobility without causing injury. Correct principles: A. Support the joint above and below to avoid straining soft tissues; D. Repeat each movement 3 to 5 times to maintain flexibility. Incorrect items: B. Movement should be performed only to the point of resistance, not to the point of pain—pain indicates that tissue is being injured; C. Movements should be slow and smooth; rapid motion can trigger muscle spasms; E. Forcing the joint past the point of pain can cause soft tissue tears or fractures and is absolutely contraindicated.