— 基本照護與舒適 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師協助行動受限的病人進行床到椅的轉位，下列哪項安全原則最重要？
A nurse is assisting a client with mobility limitations to perform bed-to-chair transfers. What is the most important safety principle for the nurse to follow?
- ALift the client using the muscles in the back使用背部肌肉抬起病人
- BUse a wide base of support by spreading the feet apart✓ 正解通過分開雙腳來擴大支撐基底
- CKeep the client at arm's length from the nurse's body將病人保持在距離護理師身體一臂遠的位置
- DTwist at the waist to pivot the client toward the chair彎曲腰部以將病人轉向椅子
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
人體力學的核心在於增加支撐面與降低重心，以穩定身體。雙腳分開站立能有效擴大支撐基底，提升轉位過程的穩定度並防止跌倒。背部肌肉不應作為負重主力，且轉動時應以足部軸心轉動，而非腰部扭轉，以避免脊椎肌肉拉傷。
The core principle of body mechanics is to widen the base of support and lower the center of gravity to stabilize the body. Standing with feet apart effectively broadens the base of support, increasing stability during transfers and preventing falls. Back muscles should not be used as the primary load bearers; when turning, the body should pivot on the feet rather than twist at the waist, to avoid back muscle strain.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台兩地護理教育均高度強調人體力學，但美國醫院廣泛使用移位機（Hoyer lift），台灣則較依賴輔助器材與轉位技巧。