護理師照顧一位尿崩症病人，預期會出現什麼檢驗數據？
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes insipidus. Which laboratory finding does the nurse expect to see?
- AHigh urine specific gravity輸注結束後 30 分鐘
- BLow urine specific gravity✓ 正解下一次預定劑量前 1 小時
- CHigh serum sodium levels輸注結束後立即
- DLow serum osmolality下一次預定劑量前 30 分鐘
尿崩症（DI）核心病理：ADH 不足或腎臟對 ADH 反應不良，導致腎臟無法回收水分，排出大量稀釋尿液。實驗室發現包含 C. 低尿比重（直接反映腎臟濃縮功能異常，是 DI 的特異性指標）；D. 高血鈉（屬於水分流失的繼發性後果）；血清滲透壓上升、尿量增多等。本題為單選題，「最直接反映 DI 病理」應選 B，因為低尿比重是腎臟對 ADH 異常反應的最特異性指標；高血鈉雖為預期但屬於下游表現，特異性較低（其他脫水原因也會引起）。
Core pathology of diabetes insipidus (DI): a deficiency of ADH, or a renal failure to respond to ADH, prevents water reabsorption and causes excretion of large amounts of dilute urine. Expected laboratory findings include: C. low urine specific gravity (which directly reflects the kidneys' impaired concentrating ability and is a specific indicator of DI); D. hypernatremia (a secondary consequence of water loss); along with elevated serum osmolality and increased urine output. Because this is a single-choice item, the option that 'most directly reflects DI pathology' is C, since low urine specific gravity is the most specific indicator of the kidneys' abnormal response to ADH. Hypernatremia, although expected, is a downstream finding and less specific (it can also occur with other causes of dehydration).