— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病患出現糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）。下列哪項評估結果為預期表現？
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who is experiencing DKA. Which assessment finding is expected?
- AWeight gain體重增加
- BMoist, clammy skin皮膚潮濕、黏膩
- CBradycardia心搏過緩
- DKussmaul respirations✓ 正解庫斯莫爾呼吸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）時，體內因缺乏胰島素導致脂肪過度分解，產生酮體，進而引發代謝性酸中毒。身體為了補償酸中毒，會透過呼吸系統排出二氧化碳（CO2），表現為深且快的呼吸模式，稱為庫斯莫爾呼吸（Kussmaul respirations）。這是 DKA 的典型臨床表徵，顯示病人處於嚴重的酸中毒狀態。
In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the absence of insulin causes excessive breakdown of fat, producing ketones and leading to metabolic acidosis. To compensate for the acidosis, the body excretes carbon dioxide through deep, rapid breathing known as Kussmaul respirations. This is the typical clinical presentation of DKA and indicates severe acidosis.