— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照護一位多重損傷的病人，下列哪些措施可預防手術部位感染？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple injuries. Which nursing actions are appropriate to prevent surgical site infections? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister prophylactic antibiotics within 60 minutes before the incision✓ 正解在切口前60分鐘內給予預防性抗生素
- BMaintain blood glucose levels between 140-180 mg/dL✓ 正解將血糖維持在140-180 mg/dL之間
- CRemove hair at the surgical site using a razor 2 hours before surgery在手術前2小時使用刮鬍刀去除手術部位的毛髮
- DMaintain normothermia during the intraoperative period✓ 正解在術中期間維持正常體溫
- EEnsure the client performs preoperative chlorhexidine showers✓ 正解確保病人進行術前氯己定沐浴
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防感染措施包括：切開前 60 分鐘內給予抗生素、嚴格控制血糖（過高會影響癒合）、維持術中體溫正常（預防寒顫及免疫下降）、術前使用氯己定洗澡。使用剃刀除毛會造成微小傷口，增加感染風險，應避免或使用電動剪毛器。
Infection prevention measures include administering antibiotics within 60 minutes before incision, strict glycemic control (hyperglycemia impairs healing), maintaining normothermia intraoperatively (to prevent shivering and immune suppression), and preoperative chlorhexidine bathing. Using a razor for hair removal creates microabrasions and increases infection risk; it should be avoided in favor of electric clippers.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有嚴格的 Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) 規範，台灣則參考各醫院感染控制標準。