護理師評估一位放置胸管的病患，哪項發現需要立即介入？
A nurse is assessing a client who has a chest tube. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- AFluctuation of fluid in the water seal tube水封瓶內液面隨呼吸波動
- BPresence of sanguineous drainage in the collection chamber收集瓶內有血性引流液
- CConstant bubbling in the water seal chamber✓ 正解水封瓶內持續冒泡
- DSubcutaneous emphysema at the insertion site置管處有皮下氣腫
水封瓶持續性的氣泡表示胸膜腔內或管路系統有空氣洩漏，需立即查明漏氣點。波動（tidaling）是正常生理現象，血性引流若量未超過標準則為正常，皮下氣腫需監測但非立即致命。處理此狀況應優先從插入點往機體檢查管路密閉性。
Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates an air leak in the pleural space or in the chest tube system, and the leak source must be identified immediately. Tidaling (fluctuation) is a normal physiologic phenomenon; sanguineous drainage is normal as long as the volume does not exceed expected limits; and subcutaneous emphysema requires monitoring but is not immediately life-threatening. Management of this situation should prioritize tracing the tubing for an airtight seal from the insertion site toward the drainage unit.
兩地胸管護理標準一致，美國護理師常需更主動識別空氣洩漏源，台灣則多由胸腔外科醫師確認管路。