哪種電解質不平衡最常與使用環利尿劑有關？
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with loop diuretic therapy?
- AHyperkalemia高血鉀症
- BHypomagnesemia低血鎂症
- CHypokalemia✓ 正解低血鉀症
- DHypernatremia高血鈉症
環利尿劑（如 Furosemide、Bumetanide）作用於腎小管亨利氏環（Loop of Henle）的厚上升支，抑制鈉-鉀-氯共轉運蛋白（Na-K-2Cl symporter），導致大量鈉、鉀、氯及水分隨尿液排出。由於鉀離子經由遠端腎小管排出的量隨尿流增加而增加，低血鉀（Hypokalemia）成為臨床上最常見且具危險性的電解質異常。護理師應監測病人的血鉀數值，並觀察心律不整等低血鉀徵兆，必要時依醫囑補充鉀離子。
Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide, bumetanide) act on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, inhibiting the Na-K-2Cl symporter and causing massive excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, and water in the urine. Because potassium excretion through the distal tubule increases with urine flow, hypokalemia is the most common and dangerous electrolyte abnormality observed clinically. The nurse should monitor the client's serum potassium and watch for signs of hypokalemia such as arrhythmias, supplementing potassium as ordered when necessary.