護理師在低血鉀病人身上預期會觀察到哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should the nurse anticipate in a client with hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- BHyperactive bowel sounds腸音亢進
- CFlattened T waves on ECG✓ 正解心電圖上 T 波平坦
- DCardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
- EHypoactive bowel sounds✓ 正解腸音減弱
低血鉀症（hypokalemia）會導致細胞膜電位改變，影響神經肌肉傳導與平滑肌功能。臨床上，鉀離子對心肌電生理至關重要，低血鉀會導致心電圖改變（如 T 波平坦、出現 U 波）並增加致命性心律不整的風險。此外，骨骼肌無力與腸道平滑肌蠕動減緩（導致便秘或腸音變弱）也是典型表現。護理師需密切觀察這些生理變化，特別是心臟節律。
Hypokalemia alters cell membrane potential, affecting neuromuscular conduction and smooth muscle function. Clinically, potassium is critical for cardiac electrophysiology, and hypokalemia produces ECG changes (such as flattened T waves and the appearance of U waves) and increases the risk of fatal arrhythmias. In addition, skeletal muscle weakness and slowed gastrointestinal smooth muscle motility (causing constipation or diminished bowel sounds) are typical findings. The nurse must closely observe these physiological changes, especially cardiac rhythm.