護理師準備給藥，下列哪些措施能有效防止用藥錯誤？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer medications. Which action effectively prevents medication errors? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerifying two client identifiers before administration✓ 正解給藥前驗證兩項病人身分
- BUsing a barcode scanning system if available✓ 正解若有使用條碼掃描系統
- CClarifying illegible orders with the prescribing physician✓ 正解向開立醫囑的醫師澄清書寫不清的醫囑
- DPerforming the 'three checks' of medication administration✓ 正解執行給藥的「三讀」程序
- EHaving a colleague double-check all oral medications請同事雙重檢查所有口服藥物
防範用藥錯誤的關鍵在於建立多重屏障。確認兩項病人識別資訊、條碼給藥系統、確認不清晰醫囑以及藥物三讀五對，均為實證有效的防錯程序。選項 E 建議對「所有」口服藥進行雙重確認是不必要的，僅需針對高警訊藥物（如胰島素、化療藥）執行雙重確認，以免降低作業效率與依賴性。
Preventing medication errors relies on building multiple safeguards. Verifying two patient identifiers, using barcode medication administration, clarifying unclear orders, and performing the rights of medication administration are all evidence-based error-prevention practices. Option E is incorrect because requiring double-checks for all oral medications is unnecessary; double verification should be reserved for high-alert medications (such as insulin and chemotherapy) to avoid reducing operational efficiency and creating overreliance.
美國普遍使用條碼給藥系統（BCMA）；台灣醫療環境中，三讀五對仍是主要手段，但在大型醫學中心亦逐步導入自動化給藥。