一位臨終病人表達希望拒絕進一步侵入性治療，護理師採取何種行動展現了倡導（Advocacy）原則？
A nurse is caring for a client who is terminally ill. Which nursing action aligns with the ethical principle of advocacy?
- AAdministering pain medication only when the client specifically asks僅在病人明確要求時給予止痛藥物
- BEncouraging the family to insist on continued treatment鼓勵家屬堅持繼續治療
- CAssisting the client to document their wishes in an advance directive✓ 正解協助病人將其意願記錄於預立醫療指示中
- DConsulting the hospital ethics committee without informing the client在未告知病人的情況下諮詢醫院倫理委員會
核心概念：在臨終照護（End-of-life Care）中體現倡導（Advocacy）的護理行動。 為何正確答案對： C. 預立醫療指示（Advance directive）是病人預先表達其在失去決策能力時，希望接受或拒絕的醫療照護。協助病人書寫、更新或確認其預立醫療指示，是護理師尊重病人自主權（Autonomy）和價值觀，並確保其意願被執行的關鍵倡導行為。 為何其他選項錯： B. 鼓勵家屬堅持侵入性治療（Encouraging the family to insist on continued treatment）違背了病人的意願（如果病人已表達拒絕），並可能剝奪其自主權。 D. 未告知病人就諮詢倫理委員會（Consulting the hospital ethics committee without informing the client）可能侵犯病人的知情權和參與權，倡導應以病人為中心，並讓其知情。 A. 僅在病人明確要求時給予止痛藥（Administering pain medication only when the client specifically asks）可能導致病人因害怕打擾醫護人員而忍受不必要的疼痛，或因延遲給藥而無法有效緩解疼痛。護理師應主動評估與管理疼痛，以符合病人最佳利益。
Core concept: nursing actions that demonstrate advocacy in end-of-life care. Why the correct answer is right: B. An advance directive expresses the patient's preferences regarding medical care to be received or refused when they can no longer make decisions. Helping the patient draft, update, or confirm an advance directive is a key advocacy action that respects the patient's autonomy and values and ensures that their wishes are honored. Why the other options are wrong: A. Encouraging the family to insist on continued treatment violates the patient's wishes (if the patient has expressed a refusal) and may strip away their autonomy. C. Consulting the hospital ethics committee without informing the patient may infringe on the patient's right to know and to participate; advocacy should be patient-centered and keep the patient informed. D. Administering pain medication only when the patient specifically asks may lead the patient to endure unnecessary pain for fear of bothering staff, or to suffer ineffective pain relief due to delayed dosing. The nurse should proactively assess and manage pain in alignment with the patient's best interests.