護理師協助一位晚期帕金森氏症病人進食。下列哪項措施對於預防吸入性肺炎最有效？
A nurse is assisting a client with advanced Parkinson's disease to eat. Which intervention is the most effective for preventing aspiration?
- AFeed the client as quickly as possible to prevent fatigue儘快餵食病人以防止疲勞
- BProvide a liquid-only diet to ease swallowing提供僅含液體的飲食以減輕吞嚥困難
- CPosition the client upright at 90 degrees during meals✓ 正解進食時將病人置於 90 度直立姿勢
- DEncourage the client to talk frequently while chewing鼓勵病人在咀嚼時頻繁說話
帕金森氏症病人常因基底核功能障礙，導致吞嚥反射延遲與食道蠕動異常。預防吸入性肺炎（Aspiration Pneumonia）的核心在於維持呼吸道通暢與防止食物逆流。採高坐位（Upright position）利用地心引力確保食物順利進入食道。其他選項均會增加誤吸風險，臨床照護時需評估吞嚥功能並由語言治療師（Speech-Language Pathologist, SLP）進行評估。
Clients with Parkinson's disease often experience delayed swallowing reflex and abnormal esophageal peristalsis due to basal ganglia dysfunction. The cornerstone of preventing aspiration pneumonia is maintaining airway patency and preventing reflux of food. Placing the client in an upright position uses gravity to ensure the food bolus passes smoothly into the esophagus. The other options all increase the risk of aspiration. In clinical care, swallowing function should be assessed and a Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) should be consulted for evaluation.
在美國臨床，由 SLP 進行吞嚥測試（如 MBS 或 FEES）後會給予明確的飲食質地（如 IDDSI 標準），護理師須嚴格執行該標準，而非僅憑經驗調整飲食。