— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
以下哪些是自殺的風險因子？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are risk factors for suicide? (Select all that apply.)
- AHistory of previous suicide attempts✓ 正解曾有自殺企圖病史
- BStrong social support system強大的社會支持系統
- CFamily history of suicide✓ 正解家族中有自殺史
- DSubstance use disorder✓ 正解物質使用障礙
- EAccess to lethal means✓ 正解可取得致命手段
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
自殺風險因子包含：過去曾有自殺企圖（最強預測因子）、家族史、物質濫用、獲取致命手段（如家中有槍）以及缺乏支持系統。強大的社會支持（B）是「保護因子」（Protective factor）而非風險因子。辨識風險因子是精神科護理評估的核心。
Risk factors for suicide include: a history of prior suicide attempts (the strongest single predictor), family history, substance abuse, access to lethal means (such as a firearm at home), and lack of a support system. A strong social support system (B) is a protective factor rather than a risk factor. Recognizing these risk factors is central to psychiatric nursing assessment.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國，家中有「Firearms」（槍枝）是極重要的評估項；在台灣則多關注藥物或高處墜落的獲取性。