下列哪些護理評估適用於正經歷哀傷過程的病人？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following nursing assessments are appropriate for a client experiencing the grieving process? (Select all that apply.)
- AAssessing the client's spiritual and religious beliefs✓ 正解評估病人的靈性與宗教信仰
- BEvaluating the client's coping mechanisms used in the past✓ 正解評估病人過去使用的因應機制
- CMonitoring for signs of prolonged, complicated grief✓ 正解監測延長性、複雜性哀傷的跡象
- DTelling the client exactly how they should move through grief stages告訴病人他們應該如何經歷哀傷階段
- EAssessing for potential risk of self-harm✓ 正解評估潛在的自我傷害風險
哀傷過程（Grieving process）是高度個別化的體驗。護理評估應涵蓋病人的靈性資源、過去的應對機制、是否存在複雜性哀傷（Complicated grief），以及最重要的自我傷害風險。護理師的角色是陪伴與支持，而非強迫病人遵循特定的哀傷階段理論（如庫伯勒-羅絲模型），因為每個人在哀傷中的進程與表現皆不同。
The grieving process is a highly individualized experience. Nursing assessment should encompass the client's spiritual resources, previous coping mechanisms, the presence of complicated grief, and, most importantly, the risk of self-harm. The nurse's role is to accompany and support the client rather than force them through a prescribed series of grief stages (such as the Kübler-Ross model), because each individual's progression through and expression of grief is unique.
美國臨床非常強調在評估中納入「靈性（Spirituality）」層面，通常會詢問病人是否有宗教或靈性支持團體，這在台灣臨床較少作為常規評估項目。