— 安全與感染控制 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師照護一位活動性肺結核病人，哪項是優先的護理處置？
A nurse is caring for a client with active tuberculosis. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- AWear a surgical mask when entering the room進入房間時佩戴外科口罩
- BLimit visitors to family members only僅限家人探視
- CPlace the client in a private room with negative air pressure✓ 正解將病人安置在具有負壓的個人病房
- DPerform routine hand hygiene every 4 hours每 4 小時進行常規手部衛生
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核經空氣傳播，首要防護是將病人置於負壓隔離病房（Airborne Precautions）。醫護人員進入時必須配戴 N95 口罩，而非一般外科口罩。手部衛生是必要的，但防空氣傳播的物理環境控制才是防止結核蔓延的優先級。
Tuberculosis is transmitted via the airborne route, and the primary protective measure is to place the client in a negative-pressure isolation room (airborne precautions). Health care personnel entering the room must wear an N95 respirator rather than a standard surgical mask. Hand hygiene is essential, but physical environmental controls for airborne transmission take priority in preventing the spread of tuberculosis.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆嚴格執行負壓隔離，但台灣在結核病負擔較高的背景下，護理人員對負壓病房的監測（壓差儀）警覺性通常極高。