— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
下列哪些是甲狀腺功能低下症的臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply.)
- AWeight gain✓ 正解體重增加
- BBradycardia✓ 正解心跳過緩
- CCold intolerance✓ 正解畏寒
- DInsomnia失眠
- EConstipation✓ 正解便秘
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
甲狀腺功能低下症（Hypothyroidism）的核心機轉是甲狀腺素（T3/T4）分泌不足，導致全身代謝速率緩慢（Slowed metabolism）。這會影響多個器官系統，造成生理功能普遍下降。護理師評估時需特別留意代謝低下引起的體徵，並與甲狀腺機能亢進（Hyperthyroidism）的症狀進行區辨。
Hypothyroidism reflects globally slowed metabolism: weight gain (despite poor appetite), bradycardia, cold intolerance, constipation, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss, and depression. Insomnia is characteristic of hyperthyroidism (hypermetabolic state); hypothyroid clients more commonly report somnolence.