— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
針對急性膽囊炎病人，下列哪些處置是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with acute cholecystitis? (Select all that apply.)
- AKeep the client NPO✓ 正解讓病人禁食
- BAdminister IV fluids✓ 正解給予靜脈輸液
- CProvide a high-fat diet提供高脂飲食
- DAdminister analgesics✓ 正解給予止痛藥
- EMonitor for fever and jaundice✓ 正解監測發燒與黃疸
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性膽囊炎（Acute cholecystitis）的核心治療目標是讓發炎的膽囊休息並緩解疼痛。給予禁食（NPO）可避免膽囊收縮素（Cholecystokinin, CCK）分泌，進而減少膽囊收縮，緩解膽絞痛。靜脈輸液維持水分與電解質平衡，止痛劑則處理急性疼痛。監測生命徵象與黃疸是為了評估病情進展，如是否有膽管阻塞（膽道結石）或敗血症風險。臨床思路應優先處理疼痛與休息，並透過密切監測預防併發症。
Management of acute cholecystitis includes keeping the client NPO to rest the gallbladder, administering IV fluids for hydration, and providing analgesics for pain relief. Nurses should also monitor for fever and jaundice, which may indicate complications such as infection or bile duct obstruction.