病人出現低血糖症狀。最適當的行動為何？
A client is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which action is most appropriate?
- AAdminister a long-acting insulin給予長效型胰島素
- BEncourage the client to sleep鼓勵個案睡眠
- CProvide a protein-rich meal提供富含蛋白質的餐點
- DGive 15g of fast-acting carbohydrates✓ 正解給予 15g 快速作用的碳水化合物
低血糖（Hypoglycemia）的緊急處理遵循「15-15 原則」：給予 15 克快速吸收的碳水化合物（如 120ml 果汁、3-4 顆葡萄糖片），等待 15 分鐘後重新測量血糖。若血糖仍低於 70 mg/dL，則重複上述步驟。此方法可避免過度補充導致的高血糖反彈。使用長效胰島素會加重低血糖；鼓勵睡眠會錯過監測時機；蛋白質吸收緩慢，不適合作為低血糖首要補充。
Emergency management of hypoglycemia follows the 15-15 rule: administer 15 g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (for example, 120 mL of juice or 3-4 glucose tablets) and recheck the blood glucose after 15 minutes. If the blood glucose remains below 70 mg/dL, repeat the step. This approach avoids the rebound hyperglycemia that comes from over-treatment. Long-acting insulin would worsen hypoglycemia, encouraging sleep would miss the monitoring window, and protein is absorbed too slowly to be appropriate as the initial treatment for hypoglycemia.