一位慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人被要求採取低蛋白飲食。這項處置的主要原理為何？
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed a low-protein diet. What is the primary rationale for this intervention?
- ATo reduce the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products✓ 正解減少含氮廢產物的堆積
- BTo promote the excretion of potassium促進鉀離子的排泄
- CTo increase the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)增加腎小球濾過率 (GFR)
- DTo prevent muscle wasting預防肌肉消耗
慢性腎臟病（CKD）病人因腎元受損，腎絲球過濾率（GFR）下降，無法有效排除蛋白質代謝後的產物，尤其是尿素氮（BUN）與肌酸酐（Creatinine）。這些含氮廢物在血液中堆積會導致尿毒症狀（Uremia），引起噁心、嘔吐、疲倦與腦病變。採取低蛋白飲食能有效減少這些代謝廢物的產生，從而減輕腎臟的排泄負擔，延緩腎功能惡化。
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), damage to the nephrons reduces the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and protein metabolic by-products, particularly blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, can no longer be effectively excreted. Accumulation of these nitrogenous wastes in the blood produces uremic manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and encephalopathy. A low-protein diet effectively reduces the production of these metabolic wastes, lessening the excretory burden on the kidneys and slowing the deterioration of renal function.