一位第一型糖尿病患出現嗜睡、呼氣有水果味，且呼吸深而快。護理師應優先執行哪項介入？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with lethargy, fruity breath odor, and deep, rapid respirations. Which nursing intervention is the priority?
- AAdminister subcutaneous regular insulin給予皮下注射常規胰島素。
- BInitiate an intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline✓ 正解開始輸注0.9%生理食鹽水。
- CPerform a blood glucose check進行血糖檢測。
- DAdminister 15g of fast-acting glucose給予15克速效糖分。
個案表現出酮酸中毒（DKA）徵象。DKA 治療首重液體復甦以改善組織灌流，並糾正代謝性酸中毒與高血糖。A 是低血糖治療；A 雖然需要胰島素，但若無足夠液體支撐，胰島素進入循環後易導致低血鉀或心血管不穩，故補液優先。
The client is exhibiting signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The primary treatment for DKA is fluid resuscitation to improve tissue perfusion and correct metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia. Option D is treatment for hypoglycemia. Although insulin (A) is necessary, administering it without adequate fluid support may lead to hypokalemia or cardiovascular instability once it enters the circulation, so fluid replacement is the priority.
美國急診護理師常依 protocol 先打生理食鹽水；台灣通常需醫師到場確認 DKA 診斷後才會給予高劑量輸液。