一位新診斷慢性腎臟病（CKD）的病人，護理師應給予何種優先的飲食建議？
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). What is the priority dietary recommendation for this client?
- AHigh sodium intake to maintain fluid balance攝取高鈉以維持液體平衡
- BRestriction of phosphorus and potassium✓ 正解限制磷和鉀的攝取
- CUnlimited water intake不限量的水分攝取
- DHigh protein diet高蛋白飲食
CKD 病人腎臟排除鉀與磷的能力下降，過高會引發致命性心律不整或骨病變，因此限制磷、鉀攝取為飲食管理之首要。高蛋白會增加腎臟負擔，需依病程限制；鈉攝取需嚴控以防高血壓；水分攝取需視排尿量而定，非不限制。
In CKD, the kidneys lose their ability to excrete potassium and phosphorus; elevated levels can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias or metabolic bone disease, so restriction of phosphorus and potassium is the dietary management priority. High protein intake increases the renal workload and must be moderated according to the disease stage; sodium intake must be tightly controlled to prevent hypertension; and fluid intake depends on urine output rather than being unrestricted.
兩國在 CKD 的營養衛教皆由跨團隊合作（醫師、營養師、護理師），內容標準一致。