— 照護管理 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師在大規模傷患事件中進行分流。哪位病人被分流為最低優先級（Expectant/黑標）？
A nurse is triaging patients in a mass casualty event. Which client is triaged as the lowest priority (expectant)?
- AA client with a simple broken arm手臂單純骨折的病人
- BA client with an open abdominal wound開放性腹部創傷的病人
- CA client with severe chest trauma and no pulse✓ 正解嚴重胸部創傷且無脈搏的病人
- DA client with a mild burn on the hand手部輕微燒傷的病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
大規模傷患分流（START 分流）中，「Expectant」指傷勢過重而生存機會極低者。無脈搏且嚴重胸部創傷的病人，在災難資源有限情況下，不屬於優先急救範圍。簡單骨折或輕微燒傷則歸為綠標（延遲救護），腹部開放性創傷通常為紅標（緊急救護）。
In mass casualty triage (START triage), 'expectant' denotes victims whose injuries are so severe that their chance of survival is minimal. A client with severe chest trauma and no pulse is not prioritized for emergency intervention when disaster resources are limited. A simple fracture or mild burn is classified as green (delayed care), while an open abdominal wound is typically red (immediate care).
✦ 台美臨床差異
災害護理（Disaster Nursing）標準在台美一致；台灣近年來透過大型演習，護理師對於 START 分流邏輯已頗為熟悉。