護理師照護置有經皮穿刺中心靜脈導管 (PICC) 的病人。哪些行動有助於維持管路並降低風險？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Which actions are appropriate for maintaining the line and reducing risks? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse a 10 mL syringe for flushing✓ 正解使用 10 mL 注射筒進行沖洗
- BChange the transparent dressing every 24 hours每 24 小時更換透明敷料
- CAssess the insertion site for redness or drainage✓ 正解評估穿刺部位是否有發紅或引流液
- DMeasure the mid-arm circumference daily✓ 正解每日測量中段手臂周圍長度
- EFlush the line before and after medication administration✓ 正解給藥前後沖洗管路
經皮穿刺中心靜脈導管 (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter, PICC) 是一種從周邊靜脈置入，尖端位於中央靜脈的導管，常用於長期靜脈輸液治療。PICC 導管的維護需要嚴格的無菌技術和仔細的監測，以預防感染、阻塞和血栓形成等併發症，確保病人的安全和治療的有效性。 護理師在照護 PICC 病人時，必須執行一系列標準化的護理措施。使用 10 毫升或更大的注射筒沖洗導管，是為了避免因高壓對導管壁造成損害；每日評估穿刺部位是否有發紅或引流物，可早期發現感染或靜脈炎；每日測量置管手臂的臂圍，有助於監測是否有血栓形成導致的水腫；以及在每次給藥前後沖洗導管，以維持管路通暢並預防藥物交互作用。這些都是維持 PICC 導管功能和降低風險的必要行動。 其他選項的行動則不符合標準護理規範，可能增加風險。
A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is inserted via a peripheral vein with the tip in a central vein, commonly used for long-term IV therapy. PICC maintenance requires strict aseptic technique and careful monitoring to prevent complications such as infection, occlusion, and thrombosis, ensuring patient safety and treatment effectiveness. Key nursing actions include using a 10 mL or larger syringe to flush the catheter (to avoid catheter damage from high pressure); daily assessment of the insertion site for redness or drainage (to detect infection or phlebitis early); daily mid-arm circumference measurement (to monitor for thrombosis-related swelling); and flushing the line before and after each medication (to maintain patency and prevent drug interactions). The remaining option does not align with standard care and may increase risk.