一名 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案因心悸與瀕死感求診。護理師應優先採取何項介入？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with reports of palpitations and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
- ATeach the client deep breathing techniques immediately立即教導病人深呼吸技巧
- BMaintain a calm, quiet, and low-stimulation environment✓ 正解維持安靜、低刺激的平靜環境
- CEncourage the client to discuss the source of anxiety鼓勵病人討論焦慮的來源
- DAdminister the prescribed PRN anxiolytic medication給予醫囑之備用抗焦慮藥物
面對急性焦慮發作，環境控制是首要考量。降低外在刺激有助於降低個案的神經反應性，讓其情緒穩定。討論成因（C）應在情緒平復後進行；藥物（D）為輔助手段但非第一線環境處置；深呼吸（A）需在個案能專注時引導，降低刺激後執行效果較佳。
When managing acute anxiety, environmental control is the first priority. Reducing external stimuli helps decrease the client's neural reactivity and allows their emotions to stabilize. Discussing causes (C) should occur after emotional calm; medication (D) is an adjunctive measure but not the first-line environmental intervention; deep breathing (A) requires the client to be able to focus, so it is more effective after stimuli have been reduced.
美國護理師常主導非藥物焦慮緩解技巧；台灣臨床受限於病房節奏，常傾向優先評估是否需給予 PRN 安神藥物。