— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師指導個案關於鋰鹽(Lithium)的副作用。下列哪句敘述顯示病人已理解衛教內容?
A nurse is teaching a client about the side effects of lithium carbonate. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- AI will notice weight loss while on this medication服用此藥物期間我會注意到體重減輕
- BI need to maintain a consistent salt and fluid intake✓ 正解我需要維持穩定的鹽分和水分攝取
- CI should consume extra salt when I exercise運動時我應該額外攝取鹽分
- DI should stop taking the drug if I feel dizzy如果我感到頭暈就應該停止服藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鋰鹽(Lithium)的治療指數極窄,體內鋰濃度與鈉離子及水分平衡有直接關聯。腎臟會將鋰鹽誤認為鈉離子並進行再吸收,因此若個案攝取過多鹽分,鈉離子增加會促進鋰離子排出,導致血中鋰濃度過低而失去療效;反之,若攝取過少鹽分或脫水,鋰離子會被過度再吸收,導致鋰中毒(Lithium toxicity)。因此,病患必須維持規律且充足的鈉與水分攝取,以維持穩定的血藥濃度。
Clients must maintain a consistent daily intake of salt and fluids because lithium excretion is directly linked to sodium balance. Inconsistent sodium levels can lead to either lithium retention and toxicity or excessive excretion resulting in subtherapeutic drug levels, so stability is crucial for safety.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國臨床護理師在衛教鋰鹽時,會特別強調「鋰鹽飲食手冊」與定期監測血鋰濃度(Lithium level)的重要性。對於脫水風險(如嘔吐、腹瀉、過度流汗)的風險評估,美國護理師會主動要求病患聯繫醫師調整劑量。