病人在靜脈注射止痛藥 30 分鐘後表示疼痛仍嚴重，護理師的首要介入為何？
A client complains of significant pain 30 minutes after receiving intravenous analgesics. What is the nurse's first intervention?
- AAdminister an additional dose of the medication給予額外劑量的藥物
- BProvide a back massage to distract the client提供背部按摩以分散病人注意力
- CAssess the pain intensity using a standard scale✓ 正解使用標準量表評估疼痛強度
- DContact the physician to request a higher dose聯絡醫師要求提高劑量
疼痛評估（Pain assessment）是護理過程（Nursing process）的第一步。即便病人已給予藥物，若表示無效，護理師的首要任務是進行重新評估（Re-assessment），包括疼痛性質、程度與定位。在未評估前貿然給予額外劑量或連絡醫師，可能忽略了藥物無效的生理原因，如藥物動力學異常或病情惡化。
Pain assessment is the first step in the nursing process. Even if the client has already received medication, when they report that it has not been effective, the nurse's first task is to reassess, including the nature, intensity, and location of the pain. Administering additional doses or contacting the provider without first assessing may overlook physiologic causes for the lack of effectiveness, such as altered pharmacokinetics or worsening of the underlying condition.