護理師準備進入一名患有肺結核病人的病房。護理師必須穿戴哪種個人防護裝備 (PPE)？

肺結核（Pulmonary tuberculosis, TB）是一種由結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）引起的空氣傳播疾病。由於其傳播途徑是透過飛沫核（droplet nuclei），這些微小顆粒可以在空氣中長時間懸浮，因此，護理師在進入肺結核病人的病房時，必須採取嚴格的空氣傳播防護措施。正確選擇個人防護裝備（Personal Protective Equipment, PPE）是預防結核菌傳播給醫護人員和其他病人的關鍵。這不僅是保護醫護人員自身安全，更是維護醫療環境整體感染控制的重要環節。NCLEX-RN 強調護理師對感染控制原則的理解和應用，以確保病人與醫護人員的安全。

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because transmission occurs via droplet nuclei—tiny particles that can remain suspended in the air for prolonged periods—the nurse must follow strict airborne precautions when entering the room of a client with pulmonary TB. Correct selection of personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical to prevent transmission of the organism to health care workers and other clients. This not only protects the nurse but is also an essential part of infection control across the entire health care environment. NCLEX-RN emphasizes the nurse's understanding and application of infection-control principles to ensure the safety of clients and staff.

肺結核的空氣傳播防護（Airborne Precautions）要求，包括 N95 呼吸器的配戴和密合度測試（fit-testing），在台灣和美國的臨床指引中是完全一致的。這是國際間公認的感染控制標準。