護理師準備進入一名診斷為肺結核（TB）病人的病房。護理師必須穿戴哪種個人防護裝備（PPE）？
The nurse is preparing to enter a room of a client diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Which personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for the nurse to wear?
- AFace shield護目面罩
- BGown and gloves隔離衣與手套
- CSurgical mask外科口罩
- DN95 respirator✓ 正解N95呼吸器
肺結核（TB）是由結核桿菌引起的疾病，主要經由『空氣傳播』（Airborne Transmission）。結核桿菌包含在直徑小於 5 微米的微滴核中，這些微粒可以長時間懸浮在空氣中並隨氣流飄散。標準的外科口罩僅能阻擋大顆粒的飛沫，無法有效過濾細小的空氣傳播微粒。因此，護理人員在進入病房前，必須佩戴經過密合度測試（Fit-tested）的 N95 呼吸器，以確保能過濾掉至少 95% 的微小空氣顆粒。這是保障醫護人員安全的核心措施。在 NCLEX 中，區分空氣傳播與飛沫傳播（Droplet）的防護等級是評估感染控制知識的基本標準。
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted primarily through airborne transmission. TB bacilli are contained in droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns that can remain suspended in the air for long periods and drift with air currents. Standard surgical masks only block large droplets and cannot effectively filter fine airborne particles. Therefore, before entering the room, the nurse must wear a fit-tested N95 respirator to filter out at least 95% of small airborne particles. This is the cornerstone of protecting healthcare personnel. On the NCLEX, distinguishing the level of protection for airborne versus droplet precautions is a fundamental infection control standard.
美國 OSHA 規定醫療機構必須每年為員工進行 N95 密合度測試（Fit Test），護理師必須知道自己適合的型號。台灣雖然也有密合度測試的規範，但在實務上未必每位護理師都能每年重新檢測型號，且有時會因為物資儲備改用不同廠牌，這在安全風險管理上是兩地較大的差異。