一名急性胰臟炎病人表現為嚴重的上腹痛並放射至背部。護理師應預期哪項血清檢查結果異常？
A client with acute pancreatitis presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. Which serum laboratory finding should the nurse expect?
- ADecreased blood glucose血糖降低
- BElevated serum calcium血清鈣升高
- CDecreased white blood cell count白血球計數降低
- DElevated serum amylase and lipase✓ 正解血清澱粉酶和脂肪酶升高
急性胰臟炎時，胰臟細胞受損導致酵素釋放到血液中。澱粉酶（Amylase）和脂肪酶（Lipase）會顯著升高，其中脂肪酶的特異性較高，是診斷此病的核心指標。其他選項如白血球通常會增加（發炎反應），血鈣則可能因脂肪皂化而降低，血糖亦多半升高，故 A 最具診斷價值。
In acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cells are damaged and release enzymes into the bloodstream. Amylase and lipase rise markedly, with lipase having higher specificity and serving as a core diagnostic marker. Among the other options, white blood cell count usually increases (inflammatory response), serum calcium may decrease due to saponification of fat, and blood glucose is typically elevated; therefore, option D is the most diagnostically valuable.
兩地對診斷指標的認知一致，但台灣臨床檢驗報告中，脂肪酶的檢測頻率近年來已逐漸取代澱粉酶作為黃金指標。