病人被診斷為疑似腦膜炎。下列哪項為護理師首要行動？
A client is diagnosed with suspected meningitis. Which is the most important initial nursing action?
- AProvide a dark, quiet environment提供黑暗、安靜的環境
- BAdminister pain medication給予止痛藥物
- CObtain a neurological baseline取得神經學基線評估
- DInitiate droplet precautions✓ 正解啟動飛沫隔離措施
腦膜炎的照護核心在於感染控制與預防傳播。對於疑似腦膜炎的病人，在病原體尚未確認前，護理師必須假設其為具傳染性的細菌性腦膜炎（如腦膜炎雙球菌），因此啟動飛沫隔離（Droplet Precautions）是保護醫療人員與其他病人的首要行動。這符合 NCLEX 的安全優先原則（Safety and Infection Control），即在評估與治療前，先阻斷潛在的傳播途徑。
The core of caring for meningitis is infection control and prevention of transmission. For a client with suspected meningitis, before the pathogen is identified, the nurse must assume that it is contagious bacterial meningitis (e.g., Neisseria meningitidis); therefore, initiating droplet precautions is the first action to protect medical staff and other patients. This aligns with the NCLEX priority on Safety and Infection Control: blocking potential routes of transmission before assessment and treatment.
美國醫院對於疑似腦膜炎病人的隔離政策通常由急診室（ED）或入院時立即啟動（Empiric Precautions），護理師不需等待醫囑即可依據機構政策（Protocol）執行隔離，這點與台灣臨床 practice 類似，但美國更強調標準作業流程的嚴格執行。