護理師正在照顧一位有消化道出血病史的病人。該病人被處方使用抗凝血劑。護理師應預期會額外處方何種藥物來降低出血風險？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding. The client is prescribed an anticoagulant. Which additional medication should the nurse anticipate being prescribed to reduce the risk of bleeding?
- AAntacid制酸劑
- BStool softener糞便軟化劑
- CProton pump inhibitor (PPI)✓ 正解質子幫浦抑制劑 (PPI)
- DLaxative瀉劑
使用抗凝血劑（Anticoagulants）的病人，其出血風險顯著增加，尤其是消化道出血。質子泵抑制劑（PPI）能強效抑制胃酸分泌，保護胃黏膜，降低藥物引起的胃腸道潰瘍或出血風險。對於有消化道出血病史的病人，這是一種標準的預防性治療策略。其他選項如軟便劑主要用於預防便秘，雖能減少用力排便導致的出血，但不如 PPI 在預防藥物性潰瘍上直接有效。
Anticoagulants substantially increase bleeding risk, especially GI bleeding. A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) suppresses gastric acid secretion, protects the gastric mucosa, and reduces the risk of drug-induced ulcers and bleeding. For clients with a history of GI bleeding, PPI co-prescription is a standard preventive strategy. Stool softeners, laxatives, and antacids do not provide equivalent mucosal protection.