— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些護理師行為顯示出「公正文化」（Just Culture）模型？（選所有適合的）
Which actions by a nurse demonstrate proper use of the 'Just Culture' model? (Select all that apply.)
- AReporting a medication error immediately✓ 正解立即通報用藥錯誤
- BFocusing on the system design that led to the error✓ 正解著重於導致錯誤的系統設計
- CBlaming the individual nurse for the mistake將失誤歸咎於個別護理師
- DSharing the incident with the team to prevent recurrence✓ 正解與團隊分享事件以預防再發
- EFiring the nurse responsible for any mistake解僱負責任何失誤的護理師
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
「公正文化」（Just Culture）的核心在於區分「人為失誤」（Human Error）與「魯莽行為」（Reckless Behavior）。它強調系統層面的漏洞（System Failures）勝過個人懲罰。當發生錯誤時，組織應鼓勵通報，並將焦點轉向改善工作流程，以防範未來發生類似事件，而非建立恐懼文化。
The 'Just Culture' model distinguishes 'human error' from 'reckless behavior.' It emphasizes system-level failures over individual punishment. When errors occur, organizations should encourage reporting and focus on improving workflows to prevent recurrence, rather than creating a culture of fear.